EU and Jordan: course of relations
1. The Association Agreement entered into force in 2002.
Association Agreement
The Association Agreement covers the following areas:
- Political dialogue
- Free circulation of goods
- Business establishment
- Free circulation of capital
- Economic cooperation
- Education and training
- Environment
- Scientific and technological cooperation
- Industrial cooperation
- Agriculture
- Transport
- Tourism
- Energy
- Money laundering
- Social and cultural cooperation
2. An Action Plan, within the framework of the European Neighborhood Policy, was presented and agreed on in 2007. It stipulates, among other issues, the following measures:
- Advanced economic integration
- Political cooperation
- Increase of financial aid
- Cooperation in the fields of the science, culture, environment and education
- Reinforcing commercial and economic relations
- Strengthening judicial services
- Reinforcing freedom of expression
- Strengthening women’s rights
- Facilitating the circulation of goods, capital, services and persons
- Intellectual and industrial property
- Fight against organized crime
- Transport
- Culture, education and youth
3. EU funding (European Commission) promised and paid in:
1995 to 2005: € 650 million (promised)
4. The European Investment Bank loans:
- € 376 million (1996-2003)
- € 187 million (2004-2009)
5. EU fields of action in Jordan:
- Support to the private sector
- Help managing public finance
- Transport
- Commercial cooperation
- Educational reform
- Reducing poverty through local development actions
- Cultural heritage
- Support to the water sector
- Environment protection
- Strengthening human’s rights
- Support to the Ministry of Justice
6. Beneficiaries: public institutions, private sector, farmers, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Higher Education, municipalities, NGOs…
7. Export to the EU (27 countries):
| Year | 2003 | 2005 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amount (€ billion) | 0.26 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| Export to the EU/Total export | 7.5% | 11.7% | 5% |
8. Import from the EU (27 countries):
| Year | 2003 | 2005 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amount (€ Billion) | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
| Import from the EU/Total import | 38% | 27.7% | 27.8% |
9. European direct investments*:
€ 397 million for the period 2003-2008, which constitutes approximately 8% of the foreign direct investments in Jordan.
(*) From the following countries: Germany, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Finland, France, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, UK and Sweden. (Source: ANIMA-MIPO)
Your reactions
I would like to be brief and thank Europa Jaratona program for its achievments in Jordan.
On: E-TVET reform (Jordan)
It is good to hear that there is someone who really cares about our historical monuments. While reading the article, I was hoping to find so many Tunisian names to make sure that, also, in our country there are people who are hell-bent on preserving what is left of a glorious history. Tunisia, thanks to its location, welcomed many civilizations whose leaders built huge and glorious buildings. Not only in cities near the shores, but also in the far west cities like Sbitla, Kasserin...
I believe that in order to save the surviving monuments, there should be a campaign to make Tunisians aware of the significance of such a loss if those buildings become ruins.
On: Initiatives to preserve Tunisian architecture
I have read this article with cautious and i was not happy of the approaches being written due i guess to lack of real understanding of current environmental issues we are facing. The problem of pollution will not be tackled only through fundings bec most of the money used is not appropriately used and if ever used we seek the traditional methods the old fashion way. We need to look at alternatives , less costs , better and more sustainable output. Waste problems are derived from mass consumerism and lack of understanding of what our lives should mean to us as far as human values and choices we should take in life. Building waste water treatment is needed but what is more needed is eduation and awereness and return to ethics and values. We can keep dumping money on projects but who would assure me that our resources are being well taken care of and not depleted in a fast way? Where is the concept of sustainibility?
On: Mediterranean pollution “hot spots” under control by 2020?
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